{"id":55648,"date":"2026-05-23T10:10:29","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T06:10:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/?p=55648"},"modified":"2026-05-23T10:10:29","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T06:10:29","slug":"h%c9%99r-k%c9%99s-bir-d%c9%99f%c9%99-d%c9%99-olsa-oraya-getm%c9%99k-ist%c9%99yir-gund%c9%99n-gun%c9%99-qaranliqlasir-fotolar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/?p=55648","title":{"rendered":"H\u0259r k\u0259s bir d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 olsa, oraya getm\u0259k ist\u0259yir – G\u00fcnd\u0259n-g\u00fcn\u0259 \u201cqaranl\u0131qla\u015f\u0131r\u201d… – FOTOLAR<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kuba son ill\u0259rin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259n birini ya\u015fay\u0131r. AB\u015e-nin s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015f\u0259n sanksiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 enerji m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yanacaq q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirib, qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259ldib v\u0259 elektrik k\u0259sintil\u0259rini g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131na \u00e7evirib. Enerji b\u00f6hran\u0131 kritik h\u0259dd\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b, b\u0259zi b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q k\u0259silir. Bu is\u0259 art\u0131q sosial naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259ssiz \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 deyil, a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Va\u015finqtonun \u201cmaksimum t\u0259zyiq\u201d siyas\u0259ti sanksiyalar, ticar\u0259t qada\u011falar\u0131 v\u0259 diplomatik s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rmalarla daha da s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fir. Kuba is\u0259 bu t\u0259zyiql\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259 h\u0259m iqtisadi n\u0259f\u0259s, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi sabitlik axtar\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mecra.az<\/strong><\/a> siyasi, iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial t\u0259zyiql\u0259r fonunda Kuban\u0131n d\u00fcn\u0259ni, bu g\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 \u00fcmumi m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r sal\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Karib d\u0259nizind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n Kuba 3700-d\u0259n \u00e7ox adadan ibar\u0259t arxipelaq\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Sah\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 13-c\u00fc \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck adas\u0131 olan Kuba Meksika k\u00f6rf\u0259zin\u0259 yax\u0131n strateji m\u00f6vqeyi il\u0259 regionun a\u00e7ar n\u00f6qt\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1902-ci ild\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunan Kuba bayra\u011f\u0131 mavi v\u0259 a\u011f zolaqlar, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7bucaq v\u0259 a\u011f ulduzdan ibar\u0259tdir. Mavi zolaqlar \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00fc\u00e7 tarixi b\u00f6lg\u0259sini, a\u011f r\u0259ng azadl\u0131q v\u0259 s\u00fclh\u00fc, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7bucaq m\u00fcbariz\u0259 v\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131, ulduz is\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi simvoliz\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

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\u00d6lk\u0259nin paytaxt\u0131 Havana Karibin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 \u0259n canl\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Santyaqo-de-Kuba v\u0259 Pinar-del-Rio kimi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r is\u0259 h\u0259m iqtisadi, h\u0259m d\u0259 turizm bax\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6n\u0259mli m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rdir. T\u0259xmin\u0259n 11 milyon \u0259halisi olan \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r, orta \u00f6m\u00fcr is\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259 76, qad\u0131nlarda 81 ya\u015f civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuba iqtisadiyyat\u0131, \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259dir v\u0259 turizm, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131, s\u0259hiyy\u0259 v\u0259 biotexnologiya \u0259sas dayaqlar hesab olunur. Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 biotibbi v\u0259 \u0259cza\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q sah\u0259sind\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015f c\u0259hdl\u0259ri diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kir. G\u00fccl\u00fc sosial g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, iqtisadi s\u0131x\u0131nt\u0131lar t\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 kimi sisteml\u0259rin d\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259sini darald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Havana t\u0259kc\u0259 siyasi m\u0259rk\u0259z deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 tarixin da\u015fla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015f\u0259h\u0259rdir – Morro Qalas\u0131, \u0130nqilab Muzeyi v\u0259 Bellas Artes de la Habana kimi m\u0259kanlar onun m\u0259d\u0259ni yadda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n simvollar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Santyaqo-de-Kuba liman \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri kimi \u00f6lk\u0259nin ikinci b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u0259rk\u0259zidir v\u0259 bir zamanlar paytaxt statusu da\u015f\u0131y\u0131b. Trinidad\u0131n kolonial k\u00fc\u00e7\u0259l\u0259ri, Varaderonun \u00e7im\u0259rlikl\u0259ri v\u0259 Vinalesin k\u0259nd m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259l\u0259ri is\u0259 Kuban\u0131n f\u0259rqli \u00fczl\u0259rini bir araya g\u0259tirir.<\/p>\n

Kuba haqq\u0131nda bir s\u0131ra maraql\u0131 faktlar var. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Kubada yaln\u0131z bir d\u0259f\u0259 qar ya\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyilir. Tropik iqlim oldu\u011fundan burada su donmur, ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 qar nadir hadis\u0259dir. Kubadak\u0131 h\u0259yat h\u0259r k\u0259s \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn maraq m\u0259nb\u0259yidir, h\u0259r k\u0259s bir d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 olsa, bu \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir. O, r\u0259ngar\u0259ng ada d\u00f6vl\u0259ti kimi tan\u0131n\u0131r. Kuban\u0131n h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi \u00e7ox ail\u0259y\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcd\u00fcr. H\u0259r bayramda \u0259yl\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259r ke\u00e7irilir. Ora r\u0259qs etm\u0259yi sev\u0259n canl\u0131, enerjili insanlarla doludur.<\/p>\n

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R\u0259smi dil ispan dilidir, din is\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131r, katoliklik v\u0259 Afro-Kuba inanclar\u0131 paralel \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u00f6vcuddur. Valyuta Kuba pesosudur (CUP), ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259ki ikili valyuta sistemi art\u0131q l\u0259\u011fv edilib.<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi bax\u0131mdan Kuba AB\u015e-nin c\u0259nubunda, Meksika v\u0259 Baham adalar\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Karibin m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir v\u0259 bu m\u00f6vqe onu h\u0259m iqtisadi, h\u0259m d\u0259 siyasi bax\u0131mdan h\u0259ssas bir n\u00f6qt\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evirir. \u00d6lk\u0259 \u015eimali Amerika qit\u0259sin\u0259 daxildir v\u0259 uzun ill\u0259r sosialist idar\u0259etm\u0259 modeli il\u0259 tan\u0131n\u0131b.<\/p>\n

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Y\u00fcks\u0259k savadl\u0131l\u0131q, geni\u015f s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemi v\u0259 g\u00fccl\u00fc sosial proqramlar Kuban\u0131n \u0259n \u00e7ox vur\u011fulanan t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259ridir. Haz\u0131rda bu sisteml\u0259r iqtisadi t\u0259zyiq alt\u0131nda d\u00f6z\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck s\u0131na\u011f\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ir. Musiqi v\u0259 r\u0259qs is\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259 Kuban\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u0259lik ritmini ya\u015fadan \u0259n canl\u0131 n\u0259f\u0259s olaraq qal\u0131r. Kuban\u0131n sad\u0259, amma z\u0259ngin m\u0259tb\u0259xi d\u00fcy\u00fc, qara lobya, banan v\u0259 \u0259t yem\u0259kl\u0259ri il\u0259 Karib ruhunu s\u00fcfr\u0259y\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cSoyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201dnin qaynar m\u0259rk\u0259zi\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

1959-cu il 1 yanvar\u2026 Kuba tarixind\u0259 bir rejimin s\u00fcqutundan daha art\u0131q bir an – b\u00fct\u00f6v bir qit\u0259nin siyasi n\u0259f\u0259sinin d\u0259yi\u015fdiyi g\u00fcn kimi yadda qald\u0131. Fidel Kastronun r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi inqilab\u0131n q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259nin siyasi qurulu\u015funu k\u00f6k\u00fcnd\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k, Kuban\u0131 \u201cSoyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201dnin \u0259n g\u0259rgin geosiyasi m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

Bu inqilab\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u0259ri ill\u0259rl\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan sosial \u0259dal\u0259tsizlik, iqtisadi u\u00e7urum v\u0259 siyasi sabitsizlikd\u0259 idi. 1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Kuba Fulgensio Batistan\u0131n h\u0259rbi diktaturas\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. AB\u015e-nin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi bu rejim zamanla korrupsiya, repressiya v\u0259 d\u0259rin ictimai naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n simvoluna \u00e7evril\u0259r\u0259k \u00f6z dayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 itirirdi.<\/p>\n

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M\u0259hz bel\u0259 bir m\u00fchitd\u0259 g\u0259nc h\u00fcquq\u015f\u00fcnas Fidel Kastro tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. 1953-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Monkada kazarmas\u0131na edil\u0259n h\u00fccum u\u011fursuzluqla n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ns\u0259 d\u0259, bu hadis\u0259 onun ad\u0131n\u0131 bir ideyan\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131na \u2013 d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin qa\u00e7\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n

1955-ci ild\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131xan Kastro Meksikada m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni yenid\u0259n qurur. Burada argentinal\u0131 inqilab\u00e7\u0131 Ernesto \u201c\u00c7e\u201d Gevara il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015fl\u0131q h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131n ruhunu formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n birg\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 Kubaya qay\u0131daraq, silahl\u0131 m\u00fcbariz\u0259ni davam etdirm\u0259k olur.<\/p>\n

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1956-c\u0131 ild\u0259 \u201c26 \u0130yul H\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131\u201d \u201cGranma\u201d yaxtas\u0131 il\u0259 Kubaya d\u00f6n\u00fcr. A\u011f\u0131r itkil\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015flayan yol Sierra-Maestra da\u011flar\u0131nda m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nir v\u0259 zamanla xalqdan d\u0259st\u0259k al\u0131r. Partizan m\u00fcharib\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259nin m\u00fcxt\u0259lif b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yay\u0131laraq rejimi z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1958-ci ilin sonuna do\u011fru art\u0131q tarazl\u0131q d\u0259yi\u015fir. \u0130nqilabi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r strateji \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri bir-bir \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irir. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 1959-cu il 1 yanvarda Batista \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk edir v\u0259 Fidel Kastronun r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259r Havanaya daxil olaraq q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259ni elan edirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fcn Kuba inqilab\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 bir rejimin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si deyil, Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131nda yeni bir tarixi m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edilir.<\/p>\n

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D\u0259yi\u015fiklik zaman\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nqilabdan sonra Fidel Kastronun r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi h\u00f6kum\u0259t Kuban\u0131 d\u0259rin bir transformasiya yoluna \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131. Torpaq islahatlar\u0131 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irildi, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemi geni\u015fl\u0259ndirildi, xarici \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u0259zar\u0259tin\u0259 ke\u00e7di. Bu d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r \u00f6lk\u0259 daxilind\u0259 sosial qurulu\u015fu yenid\u0259n formala\u015fd\u0131rsa da, AB\u015e il\u0259 m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259ri k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fdirdi.<\/p>\n

1961-ci ild\u0259 AB\u015e-nin d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi Donuzlar K\u00f6rf\u0259zi \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n\u0131n u\u011fursuzlu\u011fu Kuban\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259tind\u0259 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f n\u00f6qt\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi v\u0259 \u00f6lk\u0259ni Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131na daha da yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131nca 1962-ci il Kuba Raket B\u00f6hran\u0131 (Karib b\u00f6hran\u0131) \u201cSoyuq m\u00fcharib\u0259\u201dnin \u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li anlar\u0131ndan biri kimi tarix\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc v\u0259 Kuban\u0131 iki superg\u00fcc aras\u0131nda birba\u015fa qar\u015f\u0131durman\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u0259nqidl\u0259r…<\/strong><\/p>\n

1960-1970-ci ill\u0259r Kuba \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi daya\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 formala\u015fan y\u00fcks\u0259li\u015f d\u00f6vr\u00fc oldu. T\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ciddi ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r \u0259ld\u0259 edildi, Kuba bu istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131nda n\u00fcmun\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

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Lakin bu d\u00f6vr, eyni zamanda, siyasi sistemin s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 yadda qald\u0131. T\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 idar\u0259etm\u0259nin m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259nm\u0259si v\u0259 m\u00fcxalif fikirl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259td\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259nqidl\u0259rin artmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n

\u201cX\u00fcsusi d\u00f6vr\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1991-ci ild\u0259 Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcqutu Kuba \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r iqtisadi z\u0259rb\u0259 oldu. \u018fsas ticar\u0259t v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 daya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itir\u0259n \u00f6lk\u0259 d\u0259rin b\u00f6hran m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 daxil oldu. Bu ill\u0259r Kuba tarixind\u0259 \u201cX\u00fcsusi d\u00f6vr\u201d kimi yadda qald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yanacaq, \u0259rzaq v\u0259 valyuta q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirdi. \u0130qtisadiyyat\u0131 ayaqda saxlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn h\u00f6kum\u0259t m\u0259cburi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 m\u0259hdud bazar islahatlar\u0131na getdi \u2014 turizm sektorunun geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, ki\u00e7ik \u00f6z\u0259l t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r\u0259 icaz\u0259 verilm\u0259si v\u0259 xarici investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lbi bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259nin \u0259sas add\u0131mlar\u0131na \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

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1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259r Kuba c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r sosial sars\u0131nt\u0131lar d\u00f6vr\u00fc oldu. B\u00f6hran minl\u0259rl\u0259 insan\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 vadar etdi v\u0259 miqrasiya dal\u011fas\u0131 k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 artd\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u0259yi\u015fiklik v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131q\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

2000-ci ill\u0259r Kuba \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ehtiyatl\u0131 islahatlar v\u0259 t\u0259drici d\u0259yi\u015fiklik ill\u0259ri kimi yadda qal\u0131r. 2006-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Fidel Kastro s\u0259hh\u0259tind\u0259ki probleml\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259ti qarda\u015f\u0131 Raul Kastroya t\u0259hvil verdi v\u0259 bununla \u00f6lk\u0259 yeni siyasi ritm\u0259 ke\u00e7id etdi. Raul Kastronun r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 iqtisadiyyat daha sistemli islahatlarla yenid\u0259n formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Bu m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun n\u0259f\u0259s almas\u0131na qism\u0259n \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131ld\u0131, k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda yeni yana\u015fmalar t\u0259tbiq olundu v\u0259 xarici investisiyalar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn daha \u00e7evik mexanizml\u0259r formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Lakin bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f ehtiyatl\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259li xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yeni dal\u011fa\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

2014-c\u00fc ild\u0259 AB\u015e Prezidenti Barak Obama v\u0259 Raul Kastro aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan dialoq onillikl\u0259rdir dondurulmu\u015f m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 nadir yum\u015falma an\u0131 yaratd\u0131. Diplomatik kanallar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 Kubaya yeni iqtisadi \u00fcmidl\u0259r v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259 perspektivi qazand\u0131rd\u0131. Lakin bu yax\u0131nla\u015fma uzun s\u00fcrm\u0259di. Donald Tramp\u0131n prezidentliyi d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 AB\u015e siyas\u0259ti yenid\u0259n s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015fdi, sanksiyalar geni\u015fl\u0259ndi v\u0259 normalla\u015fma prosesi yar\u0131m\u00e7\u0131q qald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kastrodan sonrak\u0131 ilk lider<\/strong><\/p>\n

2018-ci ild\u0259 Migel Dias-Kanel d\u00f6vl\u0259t ba\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7ildi v\u0259 bel\u0259likl\u0259, Kuba tarixind\u0259 Kastro ail\u0259sind\u0259n olmayan ilk lider hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldi. Yeni r\u0259hb\u0259rlik bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n iqtisadi islahatlar\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 sosialist sistemin \u0259sas dayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 qoruma\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck verir.<\/p>\n

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\u0130qtisadi t\u0259zyiq davam edir\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nqilabdan onillikl\u0259r ke\u00e7s\u0259 d\u0259, Kuba h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 struktur iqtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rin i\u00e7ind\u0259dir. COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131 turizm sektorunu iflic ed\u0259r\u0259k, \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259sas valyuta m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rini z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. AB\u015e-nin uzunm\u00fcdd\u0259tli embarqosu is\u0259 iqtisadi n\u0259f\u0259s imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da daraltd\u0131. Buna cavab olaraq h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u00f6z\u0259l sektorun geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si, valyuta sistemind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r v\u0259 xarici investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lbi kimi add\u0131mlarla iqtisadiyyata dinamika verm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fccl\u00fc sosial sistem, z\u0259if resurslar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuba iqtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, t\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 regionda f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Y\u00fcks\u0259k savadl\u0131l\u0131q, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6rp\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc v\u0259 geni\u015f s\u0259hiyy\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n \u00e7ox vur\u011fulanan u\u011furlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amma bu sisteml\u0259r d\u0259 t\u0259zyiq alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, resurs \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri xidm\u0259t keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Eyni zamanda, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 siyasi azadl\u0131qlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259nqidl\u0259r davam edir, t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 sistem v\u0259 m\u0259hdud siyasi pl\u00fcralizm beyn\u0259lxalq hesabatlar\u0131n daimi m\u00f6vzusudur.<\/p>\n

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2021-ci il etirazlar\u0131 is\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259t daxilind\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u00fcz\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6st\u0259rdi. Bu, sosial sabitlik v\u0259 iqtisadi reall\u0131qlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 g\u0259rgin balans\u0131n simvoluna \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 Kuba internet\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, r\u0259q\u0259msal infrastruktur h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 z\u0259if qal\u0131r. \u0130nternet xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri h\u0259m m\u0259hdud, h\u0259m d\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k qiym\u0259tlidir ki, bu da r\u0259q\u0259msal transformasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tini azald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Xarici siyas\u0259td\u0259 Kuba Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131nda sol y\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fc h\u00f6kum\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yax\u0131n m\u00fcnasib\u0259tl\u0259rini qoruyur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Venesuela il\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q \u00f6lk\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn strateji \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r v\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, enerji v\u0259 neft ticar\u0259ti \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259n formala\u015f\u0131r. Paralel olaraq, Havana son ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00c7in v\u0259 Rusiya il\u0259 iqtisadi v\u0259 diplomatik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri daha da g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130slahatlar Kuban\u0131 b\u00f6hrandan \u00e7\u0131xara bil\u0259c\u0259kmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuba iqtisadiyyat\u0131 son ill\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015f\u0259n b\u00f6hranla \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259dir. COVID-19 pandemiyas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u00dcDM-n\u0259 ciddi z\u0259rb\u0259 vuraraq 2020-ci ild\u0259 11 faizlik azalmaya, 2021-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 yaln\u0131z 2 faizlik z\u0259if art\u0131ma s\u0259b\u0259b oldu.<\/p>\n

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Bu fonu daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131ran \u0259sas faktor y\u00fcks\u0259k inflyasiyad\u0131r. R\u0259smi g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r 70 faizi a\u015fsa da, m\u00fcst\u0259qil iqtisad\u00e7\u0131lar real r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rin daha y\u00fcks\u0259k oldu\u011funu bildirirl\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 2022-2023-c\u00fc ill\u0259rd\u0259 qiym\u0259t art\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 200 faiz\u0259 yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyd olunur.<\/p>\n

2021-ci ild\u0259 Kuba iqtisadi sabitlik namin\u0259 uzun ill\u0259r m\u00f6vcud olmu\u015f ikili valyuta sistemin\u0259 son verdi. Lakin bu add\u0131m g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259tirm\u0259di, \u0259ksin\u0259, qiym\u0259tl\u0259rin s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015f\u0131 v\u0259 inflyasiyan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259si g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131 daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131, iqtisadi t\u0259zyiqi is\u0259 daha n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259\u00e7arpan hala g\u0259tirdi.<\/p>\n

Son ill\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z\u0259l sektor Kubada t\u0259dric\u0259n n\u0259f\u0259s alma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131b. H\u00f6kum\u0259t ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 orta sahibkarl\u0131\u011fa daha geni\u015f imkanlar yaradaraq bir s\u0131ra m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri yum\u015fald\u0131b. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 2021-ci ilin sonuna do\u011fru \u00f6z\u0259l sektorda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131 700 mini \u00f6t\u00fcb v\u0259 bu, \u00fcmumi m\u0259\u015f\u011fullu\u011fun t\u0259xmin\u0259n 13 faizin\u0259 \u00e7at\u0131b.<\/p>\n

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Eyni zamanda, xarici investisiyalar\u0131n c\u0259lbi d\u00f6vl\u0259t siyas\u0259tinin \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. Mariel X\u00fcsusi \u0130nki\u015faf Zonas\u0131 bu c\u0259hdl\u0259rin simvoluna \u00e7evrils\u0259 d\u0259, AB\u015e embarqosu v\u0259 siyasi qeyri-m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nlikl\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 ciddi risk olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130slahatlar k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131nda fermerl\u0259r\u0259 daha \u00e7ox s\u0259rb\u0259stlik verm\u0259yi v\u0259 yerli istehsal\u0131 art\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259yir. M\u0259qs\u0259d idxaldan as\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaq v\u0259 daxili bazar\u0131 g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Amma ill\u0259rl\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f iqtisadi model v\u0259 z\u0259if infrastruktur s\u00fcr\u0259tli n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 imkan vermir. \u018frzaq t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi is\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 \u0259n h\u0259ssas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri olaraq qal\u0131r, bir \u00e7ox m\u0259hsul \u00fczr\u0259 rasion sistemi davam edir, q\u0131tl\u0131q g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n hiss olunan reall\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130qtisadi \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259r\u0259 baxmayaraq, Kuba t\u0259hsil v\u0259 s\u0259hiyy\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259ld\u0259 etdiyi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri qism\u0259n qoruyur. Savadl\u0131l\u0131q s\u0259viyy\u0259sinin 99,8 faiz\u0259 \u00e7atmas\u0131 \u00f6lk\u0259ni d\u00fcnya \u00fczr\u0259 \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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S\u0259hiyy\u0259 sistemi pulsuz v\u0259 geni\u015f \u0259l\u00e7atan qal\u0131r, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6rp\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri is\u0259 sosial modelin \u0259n \u00e7ox vur\u011fulanan u\u011furlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Lakin b\u00f6hran bu sah\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n d\u0259 yan ke\u00e7mir, d\u0259rman v\u0259 avadanl\u0131q \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, infrastruktur z\u0259ifliyi getdikc\u0259 daha ayd\u0131n hiss olunur.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 maa\u015flar v\u0259 m\u0259hdud imkanlar s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259rin \u00f6lk\u0259ni t\u0259rk etm\u0259si is\u0259 \u201cbeyin ax\u0131n\u0131\u201dn\u0131 daha da d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirir.<\/p>\n

Kuba r\u0259q\u0259msal sah\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259drici ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mobil internet 2018-ci ild\u0259n istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib, internet istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin say\u0131 artmaqdad\u0131r. 2021-ci ild\u0259 \u0259halinin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 70 faizinin internet\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bildirilir.<\/p>\n

Bununla bel\u0259, xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin baha olmas\u0131 v\u0259 infrastruktur m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri r\u0259q\u0259msal inki\u015faf\u0131 l\u0259ngidir. D\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259q\u0259msal iqtisadiyyat\u0131 geni\u015fl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsa da, h\u00fcquqi v\u0259 texniki baryerl\u0259r prosesin s\u00fcr\u0259tini azald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda biotexnologiya sektoru \u00f6lk\u0259nin \u0259n \u00fcmidverici sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi \u00f6n\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. COVID-19 peyv\u0259ndl\u0259rinin daxili resurslarla haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 bu potensial\u0131n \u0259n parlaq g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259rind\u0259ndir.<\/p>\n

Suallarla dolu g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuba h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259kpartiyal\u0131 siyasi sisteml\u0259 idar\u0259 olunur. 2019-cu il konstitusiyas\u0131 \u00f6z\u0259l m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti tan\u0131sa da, Kommunist Partiyas\u0131n\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 rolu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259z olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, ifad\u0259 azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 siyasi pl\u00fcralizm m\u00f6vzular\u0131nda beyn\u0259lxalq t\u0259nqidl\u0259r davam edir. 2021-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n k\u00fctl\u0259vi etirazlar is\u0259 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin bir hiss\u0259sind\u0259 y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131q ifad\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u0259tic\u0259 etibaril\u0259, h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n islahatlar m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r yaratsa da, Kuba h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259rin struktur probleml\u0259rl\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259dir. \u00d6lk\u0259nin bu b\u00f6hrandan \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu is\u0259 iqtisadi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n miqyas\u0131 v\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq siyasi m\u00fchitin nec\u0259 formala\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan birba\u015fa as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq qal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 AB\u015e r\u0259smil\u0259rinin Havanaya s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259ri v\u0259 gizli diplomatik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 iddialar t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r aras\u0131nda h\u0259m g\u0259rginlik, h\u0259m d\u0259 ehtiyatl\u0131 dialoq c\u0259hdl\u0259rinin paralel getdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu prosesl\u0259r Kuban\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k istiqam\u0259tinin h\u0259l\u0259 tam m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoyur.<\/p>\n

Analitikl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7 \u0259sas ehtimal ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bunlar m\u0259hdud raz\u0131la\u015fma, y\u0259ni qism\u0259n iqtisadi yum\u015falma v\u0259 siyasi g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ftl\u0259rl\u0259 sabitlik, t\u0259drici \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, y\u0259ni iqtisadi sistemin idar\u0259olunmaz hala g\u0259lm\u0259si v\u0259 qeyri-planl\u0131 ke\u00e7id v\u0259 m\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259r\u0259 s\u00f6yk\u0259n\u0259n davaml\u0131l\u0131q, y\u0259ni Rusiya v\u0259 \u00c7inin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 m\u00f6vcud sistemin qorunmas\u0131d\u0131r (Qafqazinfo).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kuba son ill\u0259rin \u0259n a\u011f\u0131r iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi d\u00f6vrl\u0259rind\u0259n birini ya\u015fay\u0131r. AB\u015e-nin s\u0259rtl\u0259\u015f\u0259n sanksiyalar\u0131 v\u0259 enerji m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6lk\u0259d\u0259 yanacaq q\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015fdirib, qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri y\u00fcks\u0259ldib v\u0259 elektrik k\u0259sintil\u0259rini g\u00fcnd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131na… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":55649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55650,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55648\/revisions\/55650"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/55649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecra.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}